Time as an Observable Empirical Function

For a accurate context and explanation please read the posts in order starting with the first

1st:  https://acopais.blogspot.com/2025/08/before-i-start-with-main-topic-i-should.html


I want to demonstrate that both time and space individually in any physical sense exists only as  a single phenomenon. Our imaginations and mathematics separate them however; as a physical phenomenon while they are aspects we attribute separately, factually they are observable as only one physical function, and physically they can only exists as one function.

 For me it was easiest to recognize the function of the phenomenon for time; in order to understand time better I started by looking at various types of clocks. The rotation of the Earth we define as a day, our orbit around the sun we call a year, mechanical clocks, quartz oscillators (the most common time device used today), and atomic clocks, our most precise measurements of time[1].

 The common physical function for all these time measurement methods is a consistent change of position as it relates to a specific distance. For example, the Earth’s rotation, one orbit around our Sun, mechanical clocks most often use the consistent oscillation of a disk or pendulum, while quartz-based timepieces use the oscillation of a quartz crystal. Atomic cesium clocks use the consistent speed of light over a specific distance denoted by the wavelength that resonates with a cesium-133 atom. I find the official wording for cesium clocks that define a second, may for some, possibly obfuscate lights change of position per a specific distance in referring to the wavelength component as cycles or periods; that could make it less clear that lights change of position for a distance is the underlying physical phenomenon defining a second, the same physical function all other clocks use (a consistent change of position over a specific, consistent distance). Yet, there is no denying 9,192,631,770 cycles (Hz) is the wavelength of a specific distance light travels that currently defines a second.

 If I’ve done an adequate job, then at this point you should recognize that physically time, at least as we measure and can directly observe it, is the change of position of any form of energy[2]. If that change (speed) is relatively consistent, then for a specific distance, we can subscribe a unit of time to it. We then can use that unit to measure against other changes, as we currently do with all our time pieces. How does/can that reconcile with distance if they are both the same physical phenomenon, just as importantly for change we attribute to time throughout the entire Universe? I will try to explain that physical reconciliation in my next post.


[1] More precise clocks then the cesium clocks I researched are being developed yet they use the same physical attributes of light to measure a period of time.

[2] For this context energy in the form of matter is always included.


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